1912 — Treaty of Fez

On March 30, 1912, Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco signed the Treaty of Fez under duress, ending Morocco's independence and making it a French protectorate. France took control of the kingdom's foreign and internal affairs behind the mask of the Sultan's government, ruling through his name while holding the real power.

When the news leaked, the people of Fez rose in revolt, in days remembered as the Bloody Days. The protectorate lasted forty-four years, until independence returned in 1956. A signature forced in Fez began more than four decades of foreign rule, and the city's uprising showed its price from the very first days.